The Healthspan Map · Nutrient

Potassium

Linked to getting too little

Where a shortfall of Potassium is linked — 7 sources.In the order the Map holds them: strongest evidence first. That is a statement about the evidence, not about what matters most.
Nutrient or lever	Direction	Strength	Evidence type	What was found	Source
Potassium	Eat enough of	Strong	RCT / meta-analysis	Higher potassium intake and potassium-based salt substitutes lower blood pressure and cardiovascular mortality; potassium counters sodium.	Potassium/salt substitute & BP (opens in a new tab)
Potassium	Eat enough of	Strong	RCT / meta-analysis	Higher potassium intake and potassium-based salt substitutes lower blood pressure and cardiovascular mortality; potassium counters sodium.	Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, J Am Heart Assoc 2020 (opens in a new tab)
Potassium	Eat enough of	Emerging	Cohort / observational	Low potassium intake is associated with short sleep; potassium supports muscle/nerve relaxation.	NHANES 2005-2016 (opens in a new tab)
Potassium	Eat enough of	Emerging	Review / narrative	Low potassium disrupts neuromuscular signalling, causing muscle weakness, cramps and, when severe, paralysis.	Hypokalaemia (StatPearls) (opens in a new tab)
Potassium	Eat enough of	Moderate	RCT / meta-analysis	Potassium from fruit and vegetables buffers dietary acid, cutting urinary calcium loss and bone resorption; higher intake links to greater BMD and fewer fractures.	Potassium/alkaline load & bone (opens in a new tab)
Potassium	Eat enough of	Moderate	Cohort / observational	Potassium from fruit and vegetables buffers dietary acid, cutting urinary calcium loss and bone resorption; higher intake links to greater BMD and fewer fractures.	"The association of potassium intake with bone mineral density and the prevalence of osteoporosis", Nutr Res Pract 2020 (opens in a new tab)
Potassium	Eat enough of	Strong	Established clinical	Hypokalemia delays cardiac repolarization, predisposing to arrhythmias (ectopy, atrial fibrillation, VT/VF) and, when severe, cardiac arrest/sudden death.	StatPearls – Hypokalemia (opens in a new tab)

Linked to getting too much

Where an excess of Potassium is linked — 2 sources.In the order the Map holds them: strongest evidence first. That is a statement about the evidence, not about what matters most.
Nutrient or lever	Direction	Strength	Evidence type	What was found	Source
Potassium	Don't overdo	Strong	Established clinical	Hyperkalemia causes ECG changes (peaked T waves, widened QRS, loss of P wave) and life-threatening arrhythmias/cardiac arrest; from food alone it is rare unless kidney function is impaired or with K-sparing drugs/salt substitutes.	NIH ODS / StatPearls – Hyperkalemia (opens in a new tab)
Potassium	Don't overdo	Strong	Established clinical	Hyperkalemia causes ECG changes (peaked T waves, widened QRS, loss of P wave) and life-threatening arrhythmias/cardiac arrest; from food alone it is rare unless kidney function is impaired or with K-sparing drugs/salt substitutes.	NIH Office of Dietary Supplements — Potassium (opens in a new tab)